The clip, broadcast by regional public broadcaster MDR, shows a man in a helmet getting out of a car and firing off four shots from a long-barreled gun that he was seen reloading.
Police tweeted that the suspects fled in a car and that one person had been arrested.
It was not immediately clear what the gunman was shooting at.
The attack, which happened on the holy day of Yom Kippur, took place near a Turkish eatery about 2,000 feet from the synagogue.
Police said a motive for the shooting was not yet known.
With Post wires
